[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.er-sme.cz\/historie-bryli-a-cocek\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.er-sme.cz\/historie-bryli-a-cocek\/","headline":"Historie br\u00fdl\u00ed a \u010do\u010dek","name":"Historie br\u00fdl\u00ed a \u010do\u010dek","description":"Nos\u00edte br\u00fdle nebo \u010do\u010dky? Polo\u017eili jste si n\u011bkdy ot\u00e1zku, jak\u00fd je vlastn\u011b p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u010do\u010dek a zv\u011bt\u0161ovac\u00edch skel? Mo\u017en\u00e1 V\u00e1s p\u0159ekvap\u00ed, \u017ee historie \u010do\u010dek...","datePublished":"2023-04-27","dateModified":"2023-04-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.er-sme.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"er-sme.cz","url":"https:\/\/www.er-sme.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/383247cd769f7ac317a5bcda943ec48a3c79d996598ae4564ec21a0e178126d1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/383247cd769f7ac317a5bcda943ec48a3c79d996598ae4564ec21a0e178126d1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"er-sme.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"url":"https:\/\/www.er-sme.cz\/historie-bryli-a-cocek\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":433,"articleBody":"Nos\u00edte br\u00fdle nebo \u010do\u010dky? Polo\u017eili jste si n\u011bkdy ot\u00e1zku, jak\u00fd je vlastn\u011b p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u010do\u010dek a zv\u011bt\u0161ovac\u00edch skel?Mo\u017en\u00e1 V\u00e1s p\u0159ekvap\u00ed, \u017ee historie \u010do\u010dek a br\u00fdl\u00ed je pom\u011brn\u011b prastar\u00e1. Souvis\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b s optikou, co\u017e je fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdn\u00ed discipl\u00edna o sv\u011btle a jeho jednotliv\u00fdch jevech. Tato v\u011bda byla velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed a z\u00e1jmu o tuto v\u011bdu, kter\u00e1 sah\u00e1 a\u017e k Pythagorovi, vd\u011b\u010d\u00edme za celou \u0159adu vyn\u00e1lez\u016f. Krom\u011b br\u00fdl\u00ed je to nap\u0159\u00edklad zrcadlo.\u00a0Prvn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky existovaly u\u017e ve starov\u011bku. Byly objeveny ve z\u0159\u00edcenin\u00e1ch antick\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Ninive. Jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed ov\u0161em je\u0161t\u011b neslou\u017eilo k tomu \u00fa\u010delu, jak tomu je dnes.Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ur\u010dit\u00e1 zv\u011bt\u0161ovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed u\u017e existovala. Nap\u0159\u00edklad slavn\u00fd filozof Seneca pou\u017e\u00edval ke \u010dten\u00ed knih sklen\u011bnou kouli napln\u011bnou vodou, kter\u00e1 p\u016fsobila podobn\u011b jako lupa.\u00a0\tV\u00fdlet do st\u0159edov\u011bkuKolem roku 1000 vynalezli v Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch takzvan\u00fd \u010dtec\u00ed k\u00e1men. Byl to vlastn\u011b sklen\u011bn\u00fd kulov\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt, kter\u00fd se p\u0159ikl\u00e1dal na \u010dten\u00fd text. V podstat\u011b se jednalo o lupu. \u010ctec\u00ed k\u00e1men vyu\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dalekozrac\u00ed mni\u0161i, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli zni\u010den\u00fd zrak z p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch knih.\u010ctec\u00ed k\u00e1men se stal z\u00e1kladem pro br\u00fdle, kter\u00e9 vznikly zhruba v devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech t\u0159in\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. \u010co\u010dky byly upevn\u011bny v obrou\u010dk\u00e1ch. V\u00fdrobci br\u00fdl\u00ed \u010dasto \u0159e\u0161ili dilema, jak obrou\u010dky upevnit na hlav\u011b. Probl\u00e9m se \u0159e\u0161il prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch ma\u0161l\u00ed, stu\u017eek. \u010casem vznikly r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy br\u00fdl\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dnes u\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed minulosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad br\u00fdle s jedinou \u010do\u010dkou, tzv. monokl nebo br\u00fdle bez obrou\u010dek, kter\u00e9 se um\u00edstily na nos, tzv. cvikr. Br\u00fdl\u00edm do ruky se \u0159\u00edkalo lor\u0148ony.Br\u00fdle nosil dokonce i \u010desk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Jan Lucembursk\u00fd, kter\u00fd ke konci \u017eivota velmi \u0161patn\u011b vid\u011bl a byl de facto nevidom\u00fd.Prvn\u00ed br\u00fdle byly ov\u0161em pro dalekozrak\u00e9. To znamen\u00e1 pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0161patn\u011b vid\u00ed na bl\u00edzku. \u010co\u010dky pro kr\u00e1tkozrak\u00e9 (tzv. konk\u00e1vn\u00ed) byly vynalezeny a\u017e v \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed. Ve stolet\u00ed osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9m pak Benjamin Franklin vynalezlbifok\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010do\u010dky, tedy takov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed dvoj\u00ed ohniskovou vzd\u00e1lenost a tud\u00ed\u017e je lze pou\u017e\u00edvat jak na bl\u00edzku tak na d\u00e1lku.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.2\/5 - (12 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Historie br\u00fdl\u00ed a \u010do\u010dek","item":"https:\/\/www.er-sme.cz\/historie-bryli-a-cocek\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]